Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12188/28513
Title: 'Da' in Macedonian: Conjunction and/or particle
Authors: Karapejovski, Boban
Pandeva, Marija
Issue Date: Aug-2023
Publisher: Slavic Linguistics Society
Abstract: The particle ―da‖ is well-known and frequent in South and Balkan Slavic languages. Its origin can be traced back to the Indo-European pronominal *do- or back to *d/(t)ōd, an ablativ form meaning that something should happen in near future, or so-called expectativity (cf. ГрковићМејџор 2004; Beekes 2011; Иванова 2022). In the Balkan Slavic languages it has developed meanings and functions such as being an equivalent to infinitive, subjunctive, optative and so on (cf. Иванова 2022; Бужаровска & Митковска 2021). We will try to examine examples in which ―da‖ is treated as conjunction in sentences called ―declarative‖ (―iskazni‖) in the Macedonian syntax tradition (Минова-Ѓуркова 2020а), or ―complementary‖ sentences, (Тополињска 1995; Тополињска 2007). (1) Ми рече да дојдам. IDAT say3SG.PF.PST toconj/part come1SG.PRS ‗(S)He told me to come.‘ (2) Ми рече дека ќе дојде. IDAT say3SG.PF.PST thatconj willPART come3SG.PRS ‗(S)He told me that (s)he will come.‘ (3) Сакам да дојдам. Want1SG.PRS. toconj/part come1SG.PRS ‗I want to come.‘ (4) Сакам да дојдеш. Want1SG.PRS. toconj/part come2SG.PRS ‗I want you to come.‘ (5) ...уште барам човек да работи во кујна... stilladv look for1S.PRS men toconj/part work3SG.PRS inPREP kitchen ‗...still looking for somebody to work in kitchen...‘ Comparing the examples (1)–(5), we can see that in (1), using ‗da‘, we are talking about an action in the dependent clause that is completing (therefore ‗complementary‘) the meaning of an action introduced in the independent clause (predicates of speaking, hearing etc.; so-called predicates of second and third rank) that is not presented as a fact (or we are unaware about its completion). In (2), we have the same case as in (1) but with expected result in the future, therefore we are using the particle ―ќe‖ (will) – we can‘t use the particle ―da‖ because the future tense, ex definitione, talks about prospected action, a nonfactive one, and two markers of nonfactivity cannot be used in one predicate. (3) and (4) are examples of second rank predicates, but the complement varies regarding the category of the person, and that brings us to (5) in which the so-called ―da-construction‖ is primarily linked to a nominal rather that to a verbal element in an independent clause. Therefore, we can talk about ―subjunctive relatives‖ and we can call it an adnominal usage of the ―da-construction‖ (cf. Бужаровска & Митковска 2021, Карапејовски 2023). On various Macedonian corpora we will try to establish the use of the ―da-construction‖ as a marker of nonfactivity vis-à-vis other conjunctions in the same type of sentences. As a result we expect to make an initial classification of the different usages of the ―da-construction‖, and the predominant use of ―da‖ as a particle and/or conjunction. Key words: ―da‖, Macedonian Language, particle, conjunction References Бужаровска, Е., Митковска, Л. (2021) „Да-конструкциите во комплетивна функција―, Прилози на Одделението за лингвистика и литературна наука, 359–376. Скопје: МАНУ. Грковић-Мејџор, Ј. (2004) „Развој хипотатактичког да у старосрпском језику―, Зборник Матице српске за филологију и лингвистику 47-1/2, 185–203. Ѓуркова, А., 2015. „Сврзникот да во македонските црквенословенски текстови во споредба со другите јужнословенски редакции на црквенословенскиот―, Slovo 65, 1–20. Иванова, Е. Ю. (2022) Балканославянская ирреальность в зеркале русского языка. Карапејовски, Б. (2023) Јазикот и определеноста – Експонентите на категоријата определеност во македонскиот јазик. Скопје: Книгоиздавателство Ми-Ан. (in press) Минова-Ѓуркова, Л. (2000) Синтакса на македонскиот стандарден јазик. Скопје: Магор. Минова-Ѓуркова, Л. (2020a) Лингвистички студии за македонскиот јазик : Граматика, синтакса и стилистика на македонскиот јазик (т. 1). Скопје: Универзитет „Св. Кирил и Методиј“, Филолошки факултет „Блаже Конески“. Тополињска, З. (1995) Македонските диjалекти во Егеjска Македониjа (кн. 1). Синтакса (дел I). Механизми на предикациjа; Сложени реченични конструкции (конструкции со сврзнички предикати); Механизми на номинациjа. Скопје: МАНУ. Тополињска, З. (2007) Полски ~ македонски : граматичка конфронтација. 7. Околу семантичката структура на реченицата. Кraków: PAU. Фридман, В. (2011) „Типологијата на употребата на да во балканските јазици―, Македонистички студии, 43–52 Скопје: МАНУ. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics. An Introduction. Amsterdam – Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Ivić, Milka. (1970) „O upotrebi glagolskih vremena u zavisnoj rečenici: prezent u rečenici s veznikom da―, Zbornik Matice srpske za filologiju i lingvistiku XIII/1, 43—54. Lindstedt, J. (2010) ―Mood in Bulgarian and Macedonian‖, Mood in the languages of Europe, Rothstein, B., Thieroff, R. (eds.), 409–421. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, Mitkovska, L., Bužarovska, E., Ivanova, E. (2017) ―Apprehensive-epistemic da-constructions in Balkan Slavic‖, Slověne 2017/2, 57–83.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12188/28513
Appears in Collections:Faculty of Philology: Conference papers

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