CLINICAL ASPECTS OF CANCER-ASSOCIATED THROMBOSIS

Abstract

Active cancer accounts for 20% of the total incidence of venous thrombembolism (VTE), a condition called cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) . Cancer is the leading cause of death in patients with VTE and vice versa. Risk factors for VTE can be classified into three groups: patient-related, cancer-related, and treatment-related. This review contains the most relevant, up to date, randomized controlled studies for carcinoma-associated thrombosis, pathogenesis and risk factors for CAT, risk assessment models, and most importantly, recommendation for thromboprophylaxis of patients with carcinoma, treatment of patients with CAT for both, hospitalized and outpatients, and secondary prevention of VTE, comparing efficacy and safety of low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to direct oral anticoagulans (DOAC), balancing between the risk of recurrent VTE and major bleeding.