Neuroendocrine and metabolic response to physical exercise

Abstract

Physical exercise induces many physiological changes and adaptations that are highly beneficial to the sporting persons and their ability to perform exercise. In humans, one physiological system that is extremely responsive to the stress of exercise and exercise training is the neuroendocrine system. Hormones are involved in physiological changes produced in the body during exercise. The duration, the intensity and the type of training modulates the hormonal fluctuations. The endocrine profile developed under various physical exercise conditions and is dependent on the integrity of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, on insulin secretion and on the sympathetic adrenal medullary system. The integration of intracellular metabolic pathways is dependent upon the accumulation of metabolic bioproducts, all of wich can influence the maintaince of contractile activity or result in the oncet of fatigue. The review also considers the metabolic response to integrate extracellular substrate aviability with the increased energy demands made by contracting skeletal muscle