Neurotoxicity and Renal Impairment in a Patient with Acute Poisoning with Antipsychotic Drugs-Literature Review

Abstract

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, severe and potentially fatal condition characterized by hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, changes in mental status (delirium, altered consciousness). There are many risk factors responsible for development of this syndrome such as the use of high-dose, high-potency and long-acting antipsychotic drugs, rapid increase in the dosage, using multiple antipsychotic drugs or other medications like antidepressants and mood stabilizers, especially lithium. A correlation between chronic kidney diesease and sudden lithium intoxication has been postulated, but the relationship between both remains unclear. We present here a case with neurotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis, renal impairment and hyperparathyroidism caused by acute poisoning with lithium, haloperidol, diazepam. The purpose of this case report is to increase awareness and vigilance of the fact that concurrent use of multiple antipsychotic and other drugs may cause multiple organ failures.